How to Make a Network Cable 1. Steps with Pictures1. Unroll the required length of network cable and add a little extra wire, just in case. If a boot is to be fitted, do so before stripping away the sleeve and ensure the boot faces the correct way. Carefully remove the outer jacket of the cable. Be careful when stripping the jacket as to not nick or cut the internal wiring. One good way to do this is to cut lengthwise with snips or a knife along the side of the cable, away from yourself, about an inch toward the open end. This reduces the risk of nicking the wires insulation. Locate the string inside with the wires, or if no string is found, use the wires themselves to unzip the sheath of the cable by holding the sheath in one hand and pulling sideways with the string or wire. Cut away the unzipped sheath and cut the twisted pairs about 1 14 3. You will notice 8 wires twisted in 4 pairs. Each pair will have one wire of a certain color and another wire that is white with a colored stripe matching its partner this wire is called a tracer. Inspect the newly revealed wires for any cuts or scrapes that expose the copper wire inside. If you have breached the protective sheath of any wire, you will need to cut the entire segment of wires off and start over at step one. Exposed copper wire will lead to cross talk, poor performance or no connectivity at all. It is important that the jacket for all network cables remains intact. Untwist the pairs so they will lay flat between your fingers. The white piece of thread can be cut off even with the jacket and disposed see Warnings. For easier handling, cut the wires so that they are 34 1. Arrange the wires based on the wiring specifications you are following. There are two methods set by the TIA, 5. A and 5. 68. B. Which one you use will depend on what is being connected. A straight through cable is used to connect two different layer devices e. PC. Two like devices normally require a cross over cable. Generally speaking, fiber optic cable can be installed using many of the same techniques as conventional copper cables. For an overview of installation techniques. Satellite Receiver Quick Setup Installation Guides for satellite systems sold at Sadoun Satellite Sales. The difference between the two is that a straight through cable has both ends wired identically with 5. B, while a cross over cable has one end wired 5. A and the other end wired 5. B. 1 For our demonstration in the following steps, we will use 5. B, but the instructions can easily be adapted to 5. A. 5. 68. B Put the wires in the following order, from left to right. A from left to right. You can also use the mnemonic 1 2 3 63 6 1 2 to remember which wires are switched. Press all the wires flat and parallel between your thumb and forefinger. Verify the colors have remained in the correct order. Cut the top of the wires even with one another so that they are 12 1. UNCLASSIFIEDFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Document Number X3120611006 Name Cable Installation at NSAW Facilities UNCLASSIFIEDFOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY. Hire DESA for all your electrical, data, cabling, voice and network solution needs. We provide top notch services to all companies based in Australia. P8. C connector by about 18, meaning that you only have a 12 of room for the individual cables. Leaving more than 12 untwisted can jeopardize connectivity and quality. Ensure that the cut leaves the wires even and clean failure to do so may cause the wire not to make contact inside the jack and could lead to wrongly guided cores inside the plug. Keep the wires flat and in order as you push them into the RJ 4. The whiteorange wire should be on the left if youre looking down at the jack. You can tell if all the wires made it into the jack and maintain their positions by looking head on at the plug. You should be able to see a wire located in each hole, as seen at the bottom right. You may have to use a little effort to push the pairs firmly into the plug. The cabling jacket should also enter the rear of the jack about 14 6 mm to help secure the cable once the plug is crimped. You may need to stretch the sleeve to the proper length. Verify that the sequence is still correct before crimping. Place the wired plug into the crimping tool. Give the handle a firm squeeze. You should hear a ratcheting noise as you continue. Once you have completed the crimp, the handle will reset to the open position. To ensure all pins are set, some prefer to double crimp by repeating this step. Repeat all of the above steps with the other end of the cable. The way you wire the other end 5. A or 5. 68. B will depend on whether youre making a straight through, rollover, or cross over cable see Tips. Test the cable to ensure that it will function in the field. Mis wired and incomplete network cables could lead to headaches down the road. In addition, with power over Ethernet Po. E making its way into the marketplace, crossed wire pairs could lead to physical damage of computers or phone system equipment, making it even more crucial that the pairs are in the correct order. A simple cable tester can quickly verify that information for you. Should you not have a network cable tester on hand, simply test connectivity pin to pin. General method for cable sizing Possible methods of installation for different types of conductors or cables The different admissible methods of installation are listed in Figure. G8, in conjonction with the different types of conductors and cables. Conductors cables. Method of installation. Without fixings. Clipped direct. Conduit systems. Cable trunking systems including skirting trunking. Cable ducting systems. Cable tray, Cable rackets. Bare conductors. Insulated conductorsb. Sheathed cables. including armoured and mineral insulated. Permitted. Not Permitted. Not applicable, or not normally used in practice. a Insulated conductors are admitted if the cable trunking systems provide at least he degree of protection IP4. X or IPXXD and if the cover can only be removed by means of a tool or a deliberate action. b Insulated conductors which are used as protective conductors or protective bonding conductors may use any appropriate method of installation and need not be laid in conduits, trunking or ducting systems. Fig. G8 Selection of wiring systems table A. IEC 6. 03. 64 5 5. Possible methods of installation for different situations Different methods of installation can be implemented in different situations. The possible combinations are presented in Figure. G9. The number given in this table refer to the different wiring systems considered. Method of installation. Without fixings. Clipped direct. Conduit Systems. Cable trunking including skirting trunking, flush floor trunking. Cable ducting systems. Cable ladder, cable tray, cable brackets. Building voids. 3. Not accessible. 3. Buried in ground. Embedded in structure. Surface mounted. 2. Overheadfree in air. Not permitted. 0 Not applicable or not normally used in practice. Follow manufacturers instructions. Note The number in each box, e. Table A. 5. 2. 3. Fig. G9 Erection of wiring systems table A. IEC 6. 03. 64 5 5. Examples of wiring systems and reference methods of installations An illustration of some of the many different wiring systems and methods of installation is provided in Figure. G1. 0. Several reference methods are defined with code letters A to G, grouping installation methods having the same characteristics relative to the current carrying capacities of the wiring systems. Fig. G1. 0 Examples of methods of installation part of table A. IEC 6. 03. 64 5 5. Maximum operating temperature The current carrying capacities given in the subsequent tables have been determined so that the maximum insulation temperature is not exceeded for sustained periods of time. For different type of insulation material, the maximum admissible temperature is given in Figure. G1. 1. Type of insulation. Temperature limit C. Polyvinyl chloride PVC. Cross linked polyethylene XLPE and ethylene propylene rubber EPR. Mineral PVC covered or bare exposed to touch. Mineral bare not exposed to touch and not in contact with combustible material. Fig. G1. 1 Maximum operating temperatures for types of insulation table 5. IEC 6. 03. 64 5 5. Correction factors In order to take environment or special conditions of installation into account, correction factors have been introduced. The cross sectional area of cables is determined using the rated load current IB divided by different correction factors, k. IB is the corrected load current, to be compared to the current carrying capacity of the considered cable. Ambient temperature The current carrying capacities of cables in the air are based on an average air temperature equal to 3. C. For other temperatures, the correction factor is given in Figure. G1. 2 for PVC, EPR and XLPE insulation material. The related correction factor is here noted k. Ambient temperature C. Fig. G1. 2 Correction factors for ambient air temperatures other than 3. C to be applied to the current carrying capacities for cables in the air from table B. IEC 6. 03. 64 5 5. The current carrying capacities of cables in the ground are based on an average ground temperature equal to 2. C. For other temperatures, the correction factor is given in Figure. G1. 3 for PVC, EPR and XLPE insulation material. The related correction factor is here noted k. Ground temperature C. Fig. G1. 3 Correction factors for ambient ground temperatures other than 2. C to be applied to the current carrying capacities for cables in ducts in the ground from table B. IEC 6. 03. 64 5 5. Soil thermal resistivity The current carrying capacities of cables in the ground are based on a ground resistivity equal to 2. KmW. For other values, the correction factor is given in Figure. G1. 4. The related correction factor is here noted k. Thermal resistivity, KmW. Correction factor for cables in buried ducts. Correction factor for direct buried cables. Note 1 The correction factors given have been averaged over the range of conductor sizes and types of installation included in Tables B. B. 5. 2. 5. The overall accuracy of correction factors is within 5 . Note 2 The correction factors are applicable to cables drawn into buried ducts for cables laid direct in the ground the correction factors for thermal resistivities less than 2. KmW will be higher. Where more precise values are required they may be calculated by methods given in the IEC 6. Note 3 The correction factors are applicable to ducts buried at depths of up to 0. Note 4 It is assumed that the soil properties are uniform. No allowance had been made for the possibility of moisture migration which can lead to a region of high thermal resistivity around the cable. If partial drying out of the soil is foreseen, the permissible current rating should be derived by the methods specified in the IEC 6. Fig. G1. 4 Correction factors for cables in buried ducts for soil thermal resistivities other than 2. K. mW to be applied to the current carrying capacities for reference method D table B. IEC 6. 03. 64 5 5. Based on experience, a relationship exist between the soil nature and resistivity. Then, empiric values of correction factors k. Figure. G1. 5, depending on the nature of soil. Nature of soil. Very wet soil saturated. Very dry soil sunbaked. Fig. G1. 5 Correction factor k. Grouping of conductors or cables. The current carrying capacities given in the subsequent tables relate to single circuits consisting of the following numbers of loaded conductors. Two insulated conductors or two single core cables, or one twin core cable applicable to single phase circuits. Three insulated conductors or three single core cables, or one three core cable applicable to three phase circuits. Where more insulated conductors or cables are installed in the same group, a group reduction factor here noted k. Examples are given in Figures G1. G1. 8 for different configurations installation methods, in free air or in the ground. Figure. G1. 6 gives the values of correction factor k. Arrangement cables touching. Number of circuits or multi core cables. Reference methods. Bunched in air, on a surface, embedded orenclosed. Methods A to F. Single layer on wall, floor or unperforated tray. No further reduction factor for more than nine circuits or multi core cables. Single layer fixed directly under a wooden ceiling. Single layer on a perforated horizontal or vertical tray. Methods E and F. Single layer on ladder support or cleats etc. Fig. G1. 6 Reduction factors for groups of more than one circuit or of more than one multi core cable table B. IEC 6. 03. 64 5 5. Figure. G1. 7 gives the values of correction factor k. Fig. G1. 7 Reduction factors for groups of more than one circuit of single core cables to be applied to reference rating for one circuit of single core cables in free air Method of installation F. B. 5. 2. 2. 1 of IEC 6. Figure. G1. 8 gives the values of correction factor k. Fig. G1. 8 Reduction factors for more than one circuit, single core or multi core cables laid directly in the ground. Installation method D. B. 5. 2. 1. 8 of IEC 6. Harmonic current The current carrying capacity of three phase, 4 core or 5 core cables is based on the assumption that only 3 conductors are fully loaded. However, when harmonic currents are circulating, the neutral current can be significant, and even higher than the phase currents. This is due to the fact that the 3rd harmonic currents of the three phases do not cancel each other, and sum up in the neutral conductor. This of course affects the current carrying capacity of the cable, and a correction factor noted here k.
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